Channel: Channel 4
Scheduling: Thursday 25th November 8.30 – 9.00
Duration: 27 minutes (including advert break)
Thursday, 30 September 2010
Running Order
Documentary: The truth behind the slap.
Channel: Channel 4
Scheduling: Thursday 25th November 8.30 – 9.00
Duration: 27 minutes (including advert break)
Channel: Channel 4
Scheduling: Thursday 25th November 8.30 – 9.00
Duration: 27 minutes (including advert break)
Research for Documentary
The History of Makeup
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-makeup.html
The use of makeup has been with us for thousands of years. Starting with the ancient Egyptians, women throughout most of history have used makeup to enhance their beauty.
Tens of billions of dollars are spent each year by women worldwide on makeup and other cosmetic products Advertisements for makeup, and niche magazines promoting cosmetics are some of the very best sellers. The use of makeup has been with us for thousands of years.
The earliest recorded use of makeup involved the Egyptians of the 4th Century before Christ. Scented oils, sheep fat based creams and eye paint were applied by upper class women to beautify their facial features.
In the following millenniums, women in the Far East, especially the Japanese and Chinese, stained their faces with a powder derived from rice to make their complexions a pasty white, while both men and women of the aristocratic classes in Europe applied white lead and chalk powders to achieve the same ghostly effect. The pale face was desirable, as it differentiated the wealthy from the ‘common’ workers who had sun-bronzed complexions. Another method of obtaining the desired look involved a powder comprised largely of hydroxide, carbonate, and lead oxide, the latter often leading to lead poisoning. During this same period, Greek women applied ochre clay and red iron to their lips – perhaps the first historical lipstick application.
Little changed during the dark centuries of the Middle Ages. Perfumes with alcohol bases were introduced to Europe by Crusaders returning from the Middle East in the 1200’s. In the 1400’s upper class women in England, again seeking a whiter complexion, took to applying egg whites to their faces. But the real emergence of makeup in European society took place commencing in the following two centuries, especially in France and Italy, with the former in particular being responsible for the development of manufacturing facilities for both makeup and perfumes. These were created from aromatic natural ingredients like fruits, tree bark, flowers and roots employing a very laborious blending process that necessitated the use of excessive quantities of these natural ingredients in order to produce very small amounts of products.
The use of cosmetics spread throughout Europe during the next two hundred years, with their use becoming more and more prevalent amongst all but the poorest women. And in the 1800’s, the French began developing more advanced scientific processes for the creation of new cosmetic products, with zinc oxide bases now replacing more dangerous substances such as copper and lead. And the first beauty salons made their appearance towards the end of the 19th century.
It should be noted that that at some times and places, such as in Victorian England of the 19th century, the use of makeup and other cosmetics was frowned upon and seen as proper only for stage actors and the like, being far too ‘vulgar’ for upper class society.
But the birth of the cosmetics industry as we know it today did not take place until the early 1930’s. In large part, Hollywood was responsible. Popular actresses such as Mary Pickford and Jean Harlow appeared on screen before millions of admiring women across America and Europe, introducing a modern tanned look to the masses. And Hollywood makeup artist Max Factor began using pancake make-up and other products to produce desirable looks for the cameras.
Following the end of the Second World War and with the emerging economic boom, came the growth of today’s cosmetics industry, accelerated by the new technology of television. Ads for cosmetic products, especially lipsticks and mascaras, abounded and concurrently came the blossoming of the beauty magazine industry. Since the 1970’s an abundance of new cosmetic products to meet the concerns of a health conscious public have been created, such as natural cremes and conditioners and, more recently, mineral makeup.
Today there are literally tens of thousands of cosmetic products on the market. Billboards, television, magazines, newspapers and the Internet are replete with marketing messages and promotions for every possible sort of cosmetic need imaginable. For the consumer, the result leads to more choice, and cheaper prices due to the enormous competition for the customer’s wallet. The cosmetics world has indeed come a long way since the sheep fat creams of ancient Egypt.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-makeup.html
The use of makeup has been with us for thousands of years. Starting with the ancient Egyptians, women throughout most of history have used makeup to enhance their beauty.
Tens of billions of dollars are spent each year by women worldwide on makeup and other cosmetic products Advertisements for makeup, and niche magazines promoting cosmetics are some of the very best sellers. The use of makeup has been with us for thousands of years.
The earliest recorded use of makeup involved the Egyptians of the 4th Century before Christ. Scented oils, sheep fat based creams and eye paint were applied by upper class women to beautify their facial features.
In the following millenniums, women in the Far East, especially the Japanese and Chinese, stained their faces with a powder derived from rice to make their complexions a pasty white, while both men and women of the aristocratic classes in Europe applied white lead and chalk powders to achieve the same ghostly effect. The pale face was desirable, as it differentiated the wealthy from the ‘common’ workers who had sun-bronzed complexions. Another method of obtaining the desired look involved a powder comprised largely of hydroxide, carbonate, and lead oxide, the latter often leading to lead poisoning. During this same period, Greek women applied ochre clay and red iron to their lips – perhaps the first historical lipstick application.
Little changed during the dark centuries of the Middle Ages. Perfumes with alcohol bases were introduced to Europe by Crusaders returning from the Middle East in the 1200’s. In the 1400’s upper class women in England, again seeking a whiter complexion, took to applying egg whites to their faces. But the real emergence of makeup in European society took place commencing in the following two centuries, especially in France and Italy, with the former in particular being responsible for the development of manufacturing facilities for both makeup and perfumes. These were created from aromatic natural ingredients like fruits, tree bark, flowers and roots employing a very laborious blending process that necessitated the use of excessive quantities of these natural ingredients in order to produce very small amounts of products.
The use of cosmetics spread throughout Europe during the next two hundred years, with their use becoming more and more prevalent amongst all but the poorest women. And in the 1800’s, the French began developing more advanced scientific processes for the creation of new cosmetic products, with zinc oxide bases now replacing more dangerous substances such as copper and lead. And the first beauty salons made their appearance towards the end of the 19th century.
It should be noted that that at some times and places, such as in Victorian England of the 19th century, the use of makeup and other cosmetics was frowned upon and seen as proper only for stage actors and the like, being far too ‘vulgar’ for upper class society.
But the birth of the cosmetics industry as we know it today did not take place until the early 1930’s. In large part, Hollywood was responsible. Popular actresses such as Mary Pickford and Jean Harlow appeared on screen before millions of admiring women across America and Europe, introducing a modern tanned look to the masses. And Hollywood makeup artist Max Factor began using pancake make-up and other products to produce desirable looks for the cameras.
Following the end of the Second World War and with the emerging economic boom, came the growth of today’s cosmetics industry, accelerated by the new technology of television. Ads for cosmetic products, especially lipsticks and mascaras, abounded and concurrently came the blossoming of the beauty magazine industry. Since the 1970’s an abundance of new cosmetic products to meet the concerns of a health conscious public have been created, such as natural cremes and conditioners and, more recently, mineral makeup.
Today there are literally tens of thousands of cosmetic products on the market. Billboards, television, magazines, newspapers and the Internet are replete with marketing messages and promotions for every possible sort of cosmetic need imaginable. For the consumer, the result leads to more choice, and cheaper prices due to the enormous competition for the customer’s wallet. The cosmetics world has indeed come a long way since the sheep fat creams of ancient Egypt.
- This research shows that alot has changed through the production of makeup.
- It also shows that makeup has come a long way from sheep fat based creams.
Video Footage of Catwalk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kII2gbyguEY
Different Brands of Makeup
http://makeup.lovetoknow.com/Category:Cosmetics_Brands
- Clinique
- Mac
- Revlon
- Max Factor
- Rimmel
- Collection 2000
- Avon
- Yves St Laurent
- Elizabeth Arden
- Bobbi Brown
- Loreal
- Bare Essentials
- Chanel
- Neutrogena
- Estee Lauder
- Dior
- Smashbox
- The Body Shop
This research shows that there are a lot of different makeup brands used, and shows a great variety in the makeup industry.
Formal Proposal for Documentary
Topic: Make-up.
Type of Documentary- Entertainment.
Style of Documentary- Expository.
Channel and scheduling- Thursday on Channel 4 at 8pm, half an hour.
Target audience- Females aged 17-30
Primary research needed- Interviews with professionals, artists, retailers about make-up and its benefits, how much is spent, real people's views of make-up and its benefits and what it means to them.
Secondary research needed- History of make-up (18th century onwards) archive footage, archive footage of catwalk make-up, different types of make-up (expensive) how different ones are better or worse, shops to buy make-up.
Narrative structure- Voice of God (narrator) starts with make-up shops and then vox-pops of random people going into the stores answering a question about make-up, as documentary goes on we find out whether make-up is a big thing in a girls life or whether it isn’t that important, whether it makes them feel more confident and, if so, why? Learn about the history of make-up and why it can be seen as a confidence booster. Closed narrative- ends with the question being answered, “Why does makeup make us feel more confident?”
Outline of content- people going into make-up stores, vox-pops and interviews about benefits of make-up, filming make-up desks, some one applying make-up (for cut aways). Questionnaire results eg favourite store to buy make-up, favourite item of make-up, how long people spend doing their make-up. Interviews with professionals and how much income is actually made through make-up. including interviews with celebrities such as Rihanna, Lady GaGa and Katie price. Archive footage of make-up for catwalk shows and for films and how it can either make someone unique or different. Talk about the history of make-up, what items where first used. End with interviews of people saying make-up is a confidence booster, closed narrative.
Resource requirements- Camera, video camera, tripod, voice recorder.
Type of Documentary- Entertainment.
Style of Documentary- Expository.
Channel and scheduling- Thursday on Channel 4 at 8pm, half an hour.
Target audience- Females aged 17-30
Primary research needed- Interviews with professionals, artists, retailers about make-up and its benefits, how much is spent, real people's views of make-up and its benefits and what it means to them.
Secondary research needed- History of make-up (18th century onwards) archive footage, archive footage of catwalk make-up, different types of make-up (expensive) how different ones are better or worse, shops to buy make-up.
Narrative structure- Voice of God (narrator) starts with make-up shops and then vox-pops of random people going into the stores answering a question about make-up, as documentary goes on we find out whether make-up is a big thing in a girls life or whether it isn’t that important, whether it makes them feel more confident and, if so, why? Learn about the history of make-up and why it can be seen as a confidence booster. Closed narrative- ends with the question being answered, “Why does makeup make us feel more confident?”
Outline of content- people going into make-up stores, vox-pops and interviews about benefits of make-up, filming make-up desks, some one applying make-up (for cut aways). Questionnaire results eg favourite store to buy make-up, favourite item of make-up, how long people spend doing their make-up. Interviews with professionals and how much income is actually made through make-up. including interviews with celebrities such as Rihanna, Lady GaGa and Katie price. Archive footage of make-up for catwalk shows and for films and how it can either make someone unique or different. Talk about the history of make-up, what items where first used. End with interviews of people saying make-up is a confidence booster, closed narrative.
Resource requirements- Camera, video camera, tripod, voice recorder.
Brainstorm of Content for Documentary
- History of Makeup
- How long spent doing makeup, How often people do makeup, tutorial of someone doing makeup, could use a celebrity.
- Makeup tutorial
- Interview a makeup artist
- Messy makeup desk
- Favourite shops to buy makeup from
- Vox-pop
- John Lewis
- Catwalk makeup footage
- How much is spent on makeup, how much income shops get from makeup (Boots)
- Favourite makeup item
- Makeup statistics
- Interview Katie Price
- Interviews with professionals
- Mirror image
- Pop music
- Interview with Rihanna
Wednesday, 29 September 2010
Target Audience Research - Questionnaire Results
This shows that the majority of people we asked were 17 years old however, it also shows that we asked a range of different ages which were in our target audience which proves all answers given would be relevant to what we were hoping to find out.
This proves that over half of the people we asked starting wearing make-up at a young age, this information could be used in our documentary showing how much females rely on make-up.
This shows that people in our target audience range tend to watch channel 4 the most and could therefore show that this is the channel we should show our documentary on.
This shows that the majority would watch a documentary about make-up, thus showing that it would be a good idea to go ahead with our plan of doing a documentary about this. A couple of people did say no but this just shows that we will have to use appealing content in order to get audiences watching our documentary.
These answers show that channel 4 is, yet again, the most popular channel and confirms our decision to use this channel for our documentary as it is the most appealing to our target audience.
This is a more shocking result as not one person who filled in our questionnaire said that make-up doesn't boost their confidence, which could be a good subject to bring into our documentary with so many of our target audience being able to relate to the topic of feeling confident wearing make-up.
This could also be included in our documentary as a small topic to cover, as we could go into more depth about just how much people spend on make-up and whether for some people it has a price tag.
From this result we could video some footage from Superdrug and Boots as these were the most popular make-up stores to shop in.
This shows that people don't tend to spend too much time doing their make-up, however over 25% spend over an hour which could be seen as a long time, especially for boys which could be another idea to talk about in our documentary.
The second most popular answer shows that some people re-do their make-up twice a day, this could relate to how much they spend a month because if they re-do there make-up more than once a day they are therefore using more make-up and will have to buy more of it more frequently than others.
This shows the most favourite item of make-up is mascara, therefore we could use one part of our documentary to focus on the eyes as this would be an appealing subject for our target audience.
This shows that in fact most of our target audience could go a day without wearing make-up.
This proves that we should schedule our documentary between 8-9 as it was the most popular result.
From these results it would be a good idea to interview a make-up artist and a make-up expert as this would appeal to our target audience.
As just over half said yes, it would be ideal for us to include some information about the history of make-up however, we need to make sure it is interesting before we incorporate this into our documentary as we want to entertain our audience the best we can.
This could show that for the sound in our documentary we are best to use pop music as it shows to be the most popular, coming close to this result was dance music meaning that we could also use this style of music to create more dimension to our documentary.
Due to this result we are now decided on the idea to use a female voice-over which appeals to our target audience with them being females as well.
Monday, 27 September 2010
Target Audience Research - Questionnaire on Makeup
1. How old are you? ________
2. How old were you when you first started wearing makeup? Please circle.
Before 11 12-14 15-17 18+
3. What television channel do you tend to watch the most? Please circle.
BBC1 BBC2 ITV1 Channel 4 Channel 5
4. Would you watch a documentary about makeup?
Yes No
5. Which television channel do you associate with documentaries the most?
BBC1 BBC2 ITV1 Channel 4 Channel 5
6. Do you think makeup boosts your confidence? Please circle.
Strongly Agree Agree Not particulary Disagree Strongly Disagree
7. Around how much do you spend on makeup per month?
£_______
8. What is your favourite store to buy your makeup in?
__________________________
9. How long do you spend doing your makeup? Please circle.
Half an hour or less An hour 2 hours More
10. How many times do you do your makeup a day on average? Please circle.
Once Twice Three times More
11. What is your favourite item of makeup?
______________________
12. Would you be able to go a day without wearing any makeup?
Yes No
13. What time do you think is the best time to watch a documentary on makeup? Please circle.
4-5 o’clock 6-7 o’clock 8-9 o’clock 9-10 o clock
later than 10
14. In a documentary about make-up who would you like to see in an interview? Please Circle.
Make-up expert Make-up Artist Sales Representative Someone who wears make-up
Other _____________________________________________________________________________
15. Would you be interested in learning about the history of beauty and make-up? Please circle.
Yes No
16. What type of music do you think relates to make-up? Please circle.
Up-beat Jazz Dance RnB Pop Rock Classical Other______________________
17. Would you like to hear a Male or Female Voice-over in a documentary about make-up? Please Circle.
Male Female No preference
2. How old were you when you first started wearing makeup? Please circle.
Before 11 12-14 15-17 18+
3. What television channel do you tend to watch the most? Please circle.
BBC1 BBC2 ITV1 Channel 4 Channel 5
4. Would you watch a documentary about makeup?
Yes No
5. Which television channel do you associate with documentaries the most?
BBC1 BBC2 ITV1 Channel 4 Channel 5
6. Do you think makeup boosts your confidence? Please circle.
Strongly Agree Agree Not particulary Disagree Strongly Disagree
7. Around how much do you spend on makeup per month?
£_______
8. What is your favourite store to buy your makeup in?
__________________________
9. How long do you spend doing your makeup? Please circle.
Half an hour or less An hour 2 hours More
10. How many times do you do your makeup a day on average? Please circle.
Once Twice Three times More
11. What is your favourite item of makeup?
______________________
12. Would you be able to go a day without wearing any makeup?
Yes No
13. What time do you think is the best time to watch a documentary on makeup? Please circle.
4-5 o’clock 6-7 o’clock 8-9 o’clock 9-10 o clock
later than 10
14. In a documentary about make-up who would you like to see in an interview? Please Circle.
Make-up expert Make-up Artist Sales Representative Someone who wears make-up
Other _____________________________________________________________________________
15. Would you be interested in learning about the history of beauty and make-up? Please circle.
Yes No
16. What type of music do you think relates to make-up? Please circle.
Up-beat Jazz Dance RnB Pop Rock Classical Other______________________
17. Would you like to hear a Male or Female Voice-over in a documentary about make-up? Please Circle.
Male Female No preference
Thursday, 16 September 2010
Documentary Genres/styles
There are lots of different techniques which a documentary can employ. One style is expository which is characterised by a ‘voice-of-god’ narration which addresses the viewer directly. The meaning of the images are anchored by the voice-over and states the texts preferred meaning. When the narrator is talking several images are used in order to illustrate what is being said which can make the voice-over seem more honest as the pictures are backing up the content. This type of documentary is usually centred on a problem which needs solving.
Another style is Observational which is often known as “fly-on-the-wall”, it began with the direct cinema techniques. Through this, lightweight camera equipment was used in order to allow crews to film right in the middle of the action which created more drama and excitement.
Observational narrative avoids commentary or voice-over and the camera is as unobtrusive as possible. The techniques used are indirect address to the audience, meaning it is not initially directed at the audience. Diegetic sound is also used in relatively long takes in order to demonstrate that nothing has been cut out. This type of documentary tends to focus on specific individuals meaning events tend to unfold in front of the camera with the film-makers having no knowledge of the outcome.
The problem with this style of documentary is that it is impossible to create a genuine ‘window on the world’ because the presence of a camera in the situation affects the people who are being observed causing them to act differently around the camera. Also, the director can make editing choices which mean that observational documentary is as full of bias as any other form of documentary.
Ducosoaps are a development of the observational genre making them a hugely popular hybrid. What sets ducosoaps apart from their predecessors is their prioritisation of entertainment over social commentary. This type of documentary was made possible due to lightweight camera equipment meaning that the intrusion is minimal and forces the film-maker to become part of the story.
Ducosoaps have an episodic, soap-like structure, with several interweaving plot lines. Each of the plot lines involve different characters, of which normally consist of about 3 minutes air time before moving onto the next. The shallowness of the genre has prompted criticism. They are interested in the ordinary but reach a level of success which they create and promote ‘stars’. This particular genre tells us nothing about society, it only tells us about individuals who are very aware that they are on television.
In some cases, it has been known for characters to become famous, such as the singer Jane MacDonald who went on to host her own television show on BBC1 which led to her becoming a very successful recording artist.
Reality TV
An example of a reality television programme which is well known is Big Brother which has become a huge success worldwide. Factual television is now characterised by a high degree of hybridisation between different programme types. This may sometimes be referred to as ‘infotainment’ which is a combination of entertainment and the provision of useful information. Throughout British television schedules, factual programming increased between 1989 and 1999.
The well-known term ‘reality TV’ has become used to describe the most high-impact of the new factual television. This term was first applied to news magazine programmes based around emergency services activities. It has then gone on to describe talk shows, docusoaps and ‘constructed’ documentaries.
Since the first wave of factual programming based on the emergency services, the term ‘reality TV’ has widened. It is now used popularly to describe programmes of which use ordinary people filmed in a first person confessional style. It would seem that in an image-saturated culture there is desire for visual realism.
Interactive
This style of documentary acknowledges the presence of the camera and crew. The easily portable equipment used meant that post-dubbing was no longer required and allowed the film maker to speak directly to his/ her subjects; this was generally in the form of an interview. This means that the focus is on the exchange of information rather than the creation of an objective view.
Audiences may read interactive documentaries as being more honest and real as they do not disguise the camera and crew. However, this is a manipulation to the audience as the interviewer sets the agenda by asking ‘loaded’ questions and choosing who to interview.
Another style is Observational which is often known as “fly-on-the-wall”, it began with the direct cinema techniques. Through this, lightweight camera equipment was used in order to allow crews to film right in the middle of the action which created more drama and excitement.
Observational narrative avoids commentary or voice-over and the camera is as unobtrusive as possible. The techniques used are indirect address to the audience, meaning it is not initially directed at the audience. Diegetic sound is also used in relatively long takes in order to demonstrate that nothing has been cut out. This type of documentary tends to focus on specific individuals meaning events tend to unfold in front of the camera with the film-makers having no knowledge of the outcome.
The problem with this style of documentary is that it is impossible to create a genuine ‘window on the world’ because the presence of a camera in the situation affects the people who are being observed causing them to act differently around the camera. Also, the director can make editing choices which mean that observational documentary is as full of bias as any other form of documentary.
Ducosoaps are a development of the observational genre making them a hugely popular hybrid. What sets ducosoaps apart from their predecessors is their prioritisation of entertainment over social commentary. This type of documentary was made possible due to lightweight camera equipment meaning that the intrusion is minimal and forces the film-maker to become part of the story.
Ducosoaps have an episodic, soap-like structure, with several interweaving plot lines. Each of the plot lines involve different characters, of which normally consist of about 3 minutes air time before moving onto the next. The shallowness of the genre has prompted criticism. They are interested in the ordinary but reach a level of success which they create and promote ‘stars’. This particular genre tells us nothing about society, it only tells us about individuals who are very aware that they are on television.
In some cases, it has been known for characters to become famous, such as the singer Jane MacDonald who went on to host her own television show on BBC1 which led to her becoming a very successful recording artist.
Reality TV
An example of a reality television programme which is well known is Big Brother which has become a huge success worldwide. Factual television is now characterised by a high degree of hybridisation between different programme types. This may sometimes be referred to as ‘infotainment’ which is a combination of entertainment and the provision of useful information. Throughout British television schedules, factual programming increased between 1989 and 1999.
The well-known term ‘reality TV’ has become used to describe the most high-impact of the new factual television. This term was first applied to news magazine programmes based around emergency services activities. It has then gone on to describe talk shows, docusoaps and ‘constructed’ documentaries.
Since the first wave of factual programming based on the emergency services, the term ‘reality TV’ has widened. It is now used popularly to describe programmes of which use ordinary people filmed in a first person confessional style. It would seem that in an image-saturated culture there is desire for visual realism.
Interactive
This style of documentary acknowledges the presence of the camera and crew. The easily portable equipment used meant that post-dubbing was no longer required and allowed the film maker to speak directly to his/ her subjects; this was generally in the form of an interview. This means that the focus is on the exchange of information rather than the creation of an objective view.
Audiences may read interactive documentaries as being more honest and real as they do not disguise the camera and crew. However, this is a manipulation to the audience as the interviewer sets the agenda by asking ‘loaded’ questions and choosing who to interview.
Drama-documentary
Reconstruction and re-enactments are just as old as documentary itself. Drama documentaries arouse much debate because unless based on transcripts, they are even more open to bias and interpretation than other forms of documentaries.
Reconstruction continues to play a role within much documentary programming.
'docudrama'-fictional story that uses techniques of documentary to reinforce its claim for realism.
'dramadoc'-documentary reconstruction of actual events using techniques taken from fiction cinema.
The purpose and effect of the techniques used is more important than the labelling.
Current Affairs
An example of a current affairs style documentary is Newsnight. the meaning of current affairs is that this type of documentary debates the news itself. These are journalist-led programmes, which have the aim of addressing the news and political agenda in more depth that the news bulletins allow. The emphasis is on the investigatory and the political, seeking out atrocity and political scandal.
Documentary Dilemmas
Documentary footage is rarely broadcasted without being edited showing that the documentary subjects are in the film-maker's hands and things may be changed according to situations they may be put in. It could become a problem if the film-maker doesn't balance their responsibilities to those who appear in the programme.
Editing is an area of difficulty because any documentary can only be a representation of a particular subject.
Factual accuracy is vital for current affairs documentaries: responsibility to the audience outweighs responsibility to the subjects of the programme.
The relationship between programme makers and their subjects varies: they can be reporting on their subjects, investigating them, or observing them.
BBC and ITC guidelines affect the final edit of any programme.
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